The transportation plan, called TransForM, recognizes that development can take several different paths and proposes a strategic investment plan designed to be resilient. It therefore addresses the challenges of multiple scenarios of urban development, more or less geographically concentrated and focuses its recommendations on giving priority to public transport. As regards institutions there are no elected representatives at the regional level.
Municipalities or villages have elected assemblies. The main municipalities are also organized in corporations. It is an authority constituted by the state of Maharashtra chaired by the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, which is the elected head of state.
Created in the 70s to prepare the first development plan for the area, MMRDA has gradually increased its role. MMRDA prepares development plans for the region, formulates policies and programs, conducts certain projects and arranges financing for regional investments.
MMRDA has a large financial allocation, especially in the form of public land and building rights. The transportation plan and the business plan were prepared by MMRDA in consultation with several agencies and departments, as well as the municipalities concerned. The Chief Minister has also consulted other bodies to ensure better participation in the decision making process on development projects, mainly the "Citizens Action Group" with representatives of government agencies as well as of civil society.
Besides The City of Greater Mumbai, whose territory covers nearly the entire peninsula and accounts for 12 million people of the 19 million in the region, is definitely a key partner on development issues. The issue of transports coordination becomes even more important with the creation of a metro network in addition to the strengthening of the suburban rail and bus network. One of the main reforms proposed relates to the creation of a regional transportation authority with the power to plan, coordinate and finance the regional transport, more or less along the lines of the Transport for London model.
Moreover the coordination between several agencies for the planning and implementation of regional projects has led some actors to advocate for a more representative and strong regional government. However, this aspiration is not without political impact and may weaken the power of the state itself in view of the heavy economic weight of Mumbai vis a vis the state of Maharastra. New forms of urbanity and metropolitan environments What are the key development projects flagships, major infrastructure, social or cultural equipment, etc.
How is the dialogue carried between the specific ambitions of local key projects and the ambition of the metropolitan territory? Mumbai Urban Transport Project: The project aims to upgrade the framework of the agglomeration transport network, mainly the suburban rail network and some major highways. This project, whose implementation is almost achieved, has led to slightly reduced congestion on commuter trains while increasing the frequency of trains and improving energy efficiency.
Mumbai Urban Infrastructure Project: This project has improved many primary or secondary road axes, mainly in the city of Mumbai.
Subway: MMRDA has initiated the construction of two subway lines in a private concession, the first subway line in concession in India.
These two lines are the beginning of an ambitious subway programme to serve the city of Mumbai. Resettlement not a project on its own, but linked to all the other projects that have been mentioned so far. Achieving these major transport projects required the moving of a large number of homes and small businesses.
The MUTP project alone required the relocation of about , people, mostly squatters and slum dwellers. Mumbai had to adopt an approach that integrates consultation procedures to facilitate such a massive rehousing operation. MMRDA is now in charge of a large part of these resettlement programs.
Mithi River: This project aims to clean and widen Mithi River that runs through the Greater Mumbai at the centre of the peninsula. Due to garbage blockage and illegal constructions, the overflow during the great flood of had very adverse effects. Bandra Kurla Complex: This project aims to create a new business centre in the middle of the peninsula replacing the traditional centre located at the tip of it.
This project started in the 70s. After having cleaned and installed urban services in some wetlands, MMRDA has facilitated the development of many office and service buildings in the area. TransForM: This is the strategic plan to meet the challenges of the coming decades.
The plan clearly places the development process in the context of regional space, while most of the investments remained within the Greater Mumbai area. The objectives of this plan are ambitious and require institutional and financial reforms to make it succeed. The municipalities run local projects. Trade-offs between competing interests on major regional projects are often solved at the government level that controls MMRDA.
The state also operates with the help of ad hoc advisory committees, to address coordination issues that arise during the implementation phases of the projects. Further reforms are needed to give regional institutions such as MMRDA more authority to avoid the need to involve higher levels of state government in coordination issues that reforms, as mentioned above. The coordination challenges also exist between the regional and federal level because many federal agencies have the authority to intervene locally, either because some federal agencies own the land as it the case of an important part of the historical centre of Mumbai owned by the harbours federal government administration or are in charge of the management system as it is the case for suburban railways which depend on the federal Ministry of Railways.
To solve a large part of the difficulties inherent into suburban railway development, the state of Maharashtra and the Federal Ministry of Railways have established a joint agency, MRVC, which is in charge of developing the Mumbai suburban railway network. Innovative economical sectors Is the regional level competitive enough in a globalized economic and innovation-led system clusters and does it remove the obstacle of the vertical organisation of public policy? Mumbai is a dynamic and ambitious global metropolis.
It seeks to innovate in areas where it already has a comparative advantage such as finance, information technology and entertainment. It also has a real tourist attraction because of its location. Within the metropolitan area of Mumbai, the question of the location of employment centres and multi polar structures has been raised.
The historic financial centre is located south of the peninsula which has posed problems because the space is limited and the location is far from the rest of the city, which has gradually expanded northward the Peninsula is approximately 50km long. For this reason, Mumbai has created since the 80s a new centre in the middle of the peninsula, called Bandra-Kurla. In the same period a new town was created on the other side of the bay, called Navi-Mumbai. The creation of strong transport infrastructure, as required by the strategic plan, would contribute to accelerate the rise of these centres.
Other existing centres and the implementation of the development plan go in the direction of a multi polar expansion, notably around the new port of Mumbai, the JNPT -. Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust. How do these themes and policies overcome the short-term instability of any long-term vision and deliver a performing and resilient territorial development? The first challenge the metropolitan strategy attempts to address is to try to accommodate all the people who come in large number to Mumbai, as India is undergoing rapid urbanization with great potential for further urban development.
We have to remember that the population of the metropolitan area of Mumbai is expected to grow by more than 10 million people within the next 20 years. This poses enormous challenges for economic and infrastructure development. Natural tendency is the growth of slums and other insecure or unsafe housing conditions. Improving the quantity and quality of living conditions is therefore a major challenge. Mumbai city - especially the Greater Mumbai area - is plagued with troubles due to concentration of businesses and lack of supporting infrastructure.
For example, some of the wholesale markets were moved out of Greater Mumbai to other areas in the Conurbation. The entire island is called the Mumbai Metropolitan Area. Mumbai Wiki Explore. Sightseeing Search Nearby Attractions. Dining in Mumbai Shopping in Mumbai. Explore Wikis Community Central.
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